By Maggie Fox
http://science.slashdot.org/article..../11/07/0240258
U.S. experiment uses AIDS to fight AIDS
Mon Nov 6, 2006 5:03 PM ET
By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Editor
WASHINGTON (Reuters) -
An AIDS virus genetically engineered to fight other AIDS viruses
worked better than expected, suppressing the virus and renewing
the immune systems of a few patients, researchers reported on
Monday.
The study involved just five people, and such an approach needs
years more study, they cautioned -- but the surprising results
offer new hope both for the field of gene therapy and for
treating the fatal and incurable AIDS virus.
"The goal of this phase I trial was safety and feasibility and
the results established that," said Dr. Carl June of the
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, who led the study.
"But the results also hint at something much more," he added.
"It seemed to have a vaccine-like effect in that the immune
system was better in most of the patients than when they
enrolled. We are trying to study the mechanism."
The AIDS virus infects close to 40 million people worldwide and
has killed 25 million. A cocktail of drugs can help control
infection, but there is no cure and no vaccine.
The drugs cause sometimes severe side-effects in some patients
and the virus can evolve resistance, so that patients have to
move to new drug combinations.
Gene therapy is a promising but troubled field of research based
on the premise that altering genes can cure disease. It has cured
only a few patients, and some have developed leukemia as a
consequence. One gene therapy volunteer died in 1999.
June's team tried a new gene therapy approach, first crippling
the HIV virus, they report in this week's issue of the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"The virus is gutted so that it only has half the size of the
original or pathogenic virus," June said in a telephone
interview.
ANTISENSE APPROACH
The so-called envelope gene remains, and is reversed, a
manipulation called antisense.
The researchers then recruited five patients with HIV who were
beginning to fail treatment, meaning the drugs no longer worked
and the virus was beginning to damage their immune systems.
June's team removed the immune cells, CD4 T-cells, that are
attacked by HIV. The researchers infected the CD4 cells in the
lab with their newly engineered antisense HIV virus, then infused
them back onto the patients.
When HIV or any other virus infects a cell, it injects its own
genetic material into the cell. The cell is turned into a virus
factory, sometimes pumping out thousands of copies of a virus
before it explodes.
After the new antisense virus was infused, newly infected cells
pumped out defective virus, June said.
"The virus particles that are released are, like, sterile. They
are nonpathogenic," June said.
This test was meant only to show that the approach was safe, and
three years later, none of the patients show any ill effects.
The treatment appears to have helped restore the immune systems
of four of the five patients, and the virus remains partly
suppressed.
"We put back more (CD4 cells) than we took out. We don't know if
that is why their immune system gets better, because there are
more soldiers, or whether it got better because of better
antiviral effects," June said.
The therapy is being developed by Gaithersburg, Maryland-based
VIRxSYS Corp. and the studies are partly paid for by the National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Phase II trials are underway in HIV patients who have disease
well-controlled by drugs. June said it is not yet clear if the
treatment could work only in infected patients, or might even be
used as a preventive vaccine some day.
http://science.slashdot.org/article..../11/07/0240258
By Maggie Fox
